Selling, General and Administrative Expenses, often abbreviated as SG&A, are the total costs related to selling a company's products and services, as well as the overall administrative expenses of running the business. These can include sales commissions, advertising costs, employee salaries, rent, utilities, and more.
SG&A is sometimes split into general and administration (G&A) and selling and marketing (S&M) expenses in the income statement.
SG&A expenses include three main types of costs: sales costs, general costs, and administrative costs. Sales costs are those directly related to selling the product or service, like sales staff salaries and commissions, and advertising and promotional activities. General and administrative costs include expenses not directly tied to production or selling, like office rent, utilities, and management salaries.
A company's SG&A expenses can vary greatly depending on the nature of its operations. They can also fluctuate over time due to changes in market conditions, business strategies, and other factors. Therefore, it's essential to track and manage SG&A expenses effectively to maintain profitability and financial health.
Although high SG&A expenses can impact the company's profit margins, they are sometimes necessary to drive sales and increase market share. Therefore, companies often need to strike a balance between investing in growth and managing their expenses.
For Amazon, SG&A expenses include costs for warehousing, packaging, and shipping the products, advertising and promotional activities, salaries of sales and management staff, rent for offices and warehouses, and many other operating expenses.
Apple's SG&A expenses include costs for marketing and advertising its products, salaries of sales and administrative staff, costs for running its retail stores and offices, software development costs, and other operational expenses.
For Johnson & Johnson, SG&A expenses include costs for marketing and promoting its pharmaceutical products, salaries of sales and administrative staff, costs for running its offices and research facilities, legal expenses, and other general and administrative costs.