The Net Income Ratio, often referred to as 'Profit Margin', is a profitability ratio that measures how much net income a company produces from its total revenue. It is calculated by dividing the net income by total revenue and is expressed as a percentage. This ratio illustrates how effectively a company converts its revenue into profits.
Net Income Ratio provides a deeper view of a company's profitability. It involves both the net income and the total revenue of a company.
Net income, as explained above, is the company's total earnings after accounting for all costs and expenses. Total revenue is the total amount of money a company generates from its business activities before any expenses are deducted.
The Net Income Ratio allows investors and analysts to understand how much profit a company is able to generate per dollar of revenue. A high Net Income Ratio signifies that the company is effectively managing its operations to generate a substantial level of profit from its revenue.
However, like any other financial metric, it should not be analyzed in isolation but should be compared with the company's past ratios and with the ratios of other companies in the same industry.
For Walmart, the Net Income Ratio would be calculated by dividing its net income (after subtracting costs of goods sold, store operating expenses, and taxes from total revenue) by its total revenue. This would give a percentage that represents the portion of revenue that ends up as profit.
Microsoft's Net Income Ratio is calculated by dividing its net income (after subtracting costs of software production, operating expenses, interest expenses, and taxes from total revenue) by its total revenue. This ratio indicates the portion of each dollar of revenue that the company retains as net profit.
For Pfizer, the Net Income Ratio is derived by dividing its net income (after subtracting costs of goods sold, research and development costs, marketing and sales expenses, general and administrative costs, interest expenses, and taxes from total revenue) by its total revenue. This ratio shows the percentage of revenue that Pfizer retains as net income after all expenses.